Author information: (1)Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, NY, USA. (2)Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. (3)Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. (4)Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore. (5)Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. (6)ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Biomedical Informatics Group, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Informatics Research, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. (7)Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Kenya Medical Research Institute - Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya. (8)Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. (9)Independent Researcher, Zurich, Switzerland. (10)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. (11)Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India; Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India. (12)University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. (13)Universidad Andres Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile. (14)California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA. (15)Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. (16)University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA. (17)Aix-Marseille Université, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanology, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, UM 110, Marseille, France. (18)Medical Genomics group, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo - SP, Brazil. (19)Norwegian Defence Research Establishment FFI, Kjeller, Norway. (20)Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. (21)Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine. (22)University of Applied Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria. (23)Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. (24)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. (25)Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. (26)Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, South Korea. (27)ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Biomedical Informatics Group, Zurich, Switzerland; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine; C+, Research Center in Technologies for Society, School of Engineering, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. (28)State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering (SKLGE) and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Boku University Viennna, Vienna, Austria. (29)School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. (30)Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. (31)Microba, 388 Queen St, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia. (32)University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA. (33)Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil. (34)University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil. (35)Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. (36)Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. (37)Applied Environmental Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases Research (AEMIDR), Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria. (38)Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey. (39)Microbial Paleogenomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Paris 75015, France. (40)Sorbonne University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, Paris, France; Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. (41)Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. (42)Center for Pharmacogenomics, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering (SKLGE) and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (43)The Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. (44)University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts, West Indies and American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. (45)108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam. (46)Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. (47)University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. (48)Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; SciLife EVP, Department of Aquatic Sciences Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. (49)Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, Santiago, Chile; C+, Research Center in Technologies for Society, School of Engineering, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. (50)Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski," Sofia, Bulgaria. (51)Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. (52)Institute of Tropical Medicine, Univeristätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. (53)Corporación Corpogen-Research Center, Bogotá, Colombia. (54)State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering (SKLGE) and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (55)Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, NY, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: chm2042@med.cornell.edu.