Author information: (1)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. (2)Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States. (3)Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom. (4)Independent researcher, Los Angeles, United States. (5)World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. (6)Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles. (7)University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. (8)Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique. (9)Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania. (10)University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. (11)National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. (12)University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. (13)Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (14)ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India. (15)Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Beijing, China. (16)Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. (17)University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. (18)University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. (19)University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. (20)University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. (21)Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica. (22)Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, State of Palestine. (23)National Center of Public Healthcare, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. (24)Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (25)Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. (26)Birzeit University, Birzeit, State of Palestine. (27)Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. (28)Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico. (29)Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. (30)Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. (31)BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (32)University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. (33)Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. (34)Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines. (35)Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran. (36)Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico. (37)University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (38)Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran. (39)Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (40)University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. (41)University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. (42)Republican Center for Health Promotion, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (43)National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan. (44)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (45)Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait. (46)King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. (47)Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait. (48)Aldara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (49)King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (50)Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg. (51)Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. (52)Barcelona Institute for Global Health CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain. (53)World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. (54)Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India. (55)Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (56)UMR CNRS-MNHN 7206 Eco-anthropologie, Paris, France. (57)University of Lille, France. (58)Lille University Hospital, Lille, France. (59)Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway. (60)Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. (61)Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India. (62)Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran. (63)National Institute of Public Health, Tunis, Tunisia. (64)Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. (65)Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. (66)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States. (67)Abt Associates, Kathmandu, Nepal. (68)University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. (69)University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. (70)Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. (71)University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar. (72)Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. (73)Banska Bystrica Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia. (74)Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. (75)Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. (76)University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal. (77)Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Islamic Republic of Iran. (78)Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (79)Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India. (80)National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. (81)University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen. (82)Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. (83)Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. (84)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. (85)University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland. (86)University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. (87)Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, United States. (88)Mohammed V University de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. (89)University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. (90)Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan. (91)Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. (92)Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. (93)Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. (94)Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil. (95)Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. (96)University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. (97)Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. (98)Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria. (99)Cafam University Foundation, Bogota, Colombia. (100)Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. (101)Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. (102)University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. (103)B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, India. (104)Chirayu Medical College, New Delhi, India. (105)Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Delhi, India. (106)The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. (107)Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. (108)Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China. (109)Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (110)Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. (111)Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon. (112)Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russian Federation. (113)Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal. (114)University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro. (115)University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. (116)University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. (117)Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (118)National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands. (119)University of Turin, Turin, Italy. (120)University College London, London, United Kingdom. (121)Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. (122)Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. (123)German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany. (124)Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation. (125)Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (126)IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy. (127)Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France. (128)University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (129)University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. (130)Flemish Agency for Care and Health, Brussels, Belgium. (131)Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. (132)FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands. (133)Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. (134)Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. (135)World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation. (136)German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. (137)The Fred Hollows Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand. (138)University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. (139)Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom. (140)University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. (141)Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania. (142)Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland. (143)Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. (144)University of Malta, Msida, Malta. (145)Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States. (146)Ministry of Health, Tongatapu, Tonga. (147)Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. (148)Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. (149)Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. (150)Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil. (151)Ministry of Public Health, Asunción, Paraguay. (152)National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. (153)Gaetano Fucito Hospital, Mercato San Severino, Italy. (154)University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. (155)Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. (156)Centro de Estudios sobre Nutrición Infantil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (157)University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. (158)University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. (159)Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. (160)Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey. (161)Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy. (162)Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil. (163)India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India. (164)Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. (165)ICMR - National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India. (166)Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. (167)Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. (168)Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China. (169)Duke University, Durham, United States. (170)Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China. (171)University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. (172)Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. (173)The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel. (174)National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria. (175)University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. (176)Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan. (177)CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain. (178)University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. (179)Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil. (180)Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. (181)Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. (182)Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. (183)Primary Health Care, Floriana, Malta. (184)Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. (185)Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. (186)Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada. (187)UMR CNRS-MNHN 7206 Eco-anthropologie, Marseille, France. (188)Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria. (189)University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. (190)Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. (191)Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. (192)CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain. (193)University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. (194)University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania. (195)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. (196)National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy. (197)Eftimie Murgu University Resita, Resita, Romania. (198)Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain. (199)Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India. (200)Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. (201)University of Lille, Lille, France. (202)Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. (203)Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium. (204)University Medical Centers, Groningen, Netherlands. (205)National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation. (206)Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. (207)University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. (208)French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Montpellier, France. (209)French Public Health Agency, St Maurice, France. (210)Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy. (211)Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil. (212)National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Havana, Cuba. (213)National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (214)Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (215)University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. (216)National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (217)University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. (218)Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. (219)Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador. (220)Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. (221)Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (222)Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. (223)University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. (224)National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland. (225)Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China. (226)UMI 3189 ESS, Marseille, France. (227)Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States. (228)Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States. (229)Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy. (230)University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia. (231)Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Gizo, Solomon Islands. (232)Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran. (233)University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. (234)University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden. (235)National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia. (236)The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. (237)University of California Davis, Davis, United States. (238)University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa. (239)University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany. (240)Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. (241)University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. (242)Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. (243)Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran. (244)Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. (245)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. (246)Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Islamic Republic of Iran. (247)Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. (248)Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. (249)Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Badajoz, Spain. (250)Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain. (251)Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (252)University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. (253)Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. (254)Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. (255)Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. (256)University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. (257)University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. (258)Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. (259)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. (260)Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. (261)Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain. (262)Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. (263)Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. (264)Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan. (265)Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (266)Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. (267)Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. (268)Ministero della Salute DG Prevenzione Sanitaria, Rome, Italy. (269)University of Catania, Catania, Italy. (270)CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Alicante, Spain. (271)Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa. (272)Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. (273)CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain. (274)Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. (275)Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. (276)Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. (277)University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. (278)Lund University, Lund, Sweden. (279)Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. (280)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villejuif, France. (281)Paris University, Paris, France. (282)Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel. (283)McGill University, Montreal, Canada. (284)Gasol Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. (285)University of Lleida, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain. (286)PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland. (287)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. (288)St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. (289)National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico. (290)Centro de Estudios en Diabetes A.C., Mexico City, Mexico. (291)Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. (292)Ministry of Health, Lisbon, Portugal. (293)Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. (294)Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland. (295)National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China. (296)University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. (297)Authority Sanitaria San Marino, San Marino, San Marino. (298)Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. (299)Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia. (300)State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil. (301)King's College London, London, United Kingdom. (302)International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. (303)Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. (304)Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China. (305)Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India. (306)Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India. (307)University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. (308)Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (309)National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea. (310)Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (311)Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Nicosia, Cyprus. (312)Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. (313)The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados. (314)Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. (315)University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. (316)Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China. (317)International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece. (318)Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. (319)University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. (320)Tulane University, New Orleans, United States. (321)National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China. (322)Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. (323)University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. (324)Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark. (325)Joep Lange Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (326)Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. (327)Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia. (328)ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (329)Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (330)University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. (331)The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. (332)University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. (333)Gasol Foundation, Spain. (334)University Ramon Llull, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain. (335)Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada. (336)Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. (337)University Oran 1, Oran, Algeria. (338)Independent Public Health Specialist, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. (339)Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. (340)Peking University, Beijing, China. (341)CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain. (342)Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. (343)National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania. (344)VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (345)American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. (346)CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, San Sebastian, Spain. (347)Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. (348)Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands. (349)Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria. (350)The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (351)Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. (352)Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan. (353)Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. (354)Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait. (355)Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. (356)University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. (357)Sports University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania. (358)University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. (359)University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. (360)Heart Foundation, Melbourne, Australia. (361)Guangzhou 12th Hospital, Guangzhou, China. (362)Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. (363)Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. (364)Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland. (365)University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (366)World Health Organization Country Office, Delhi, India. (367)Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran. (368)Institute of Public Health, Belgrade, Serbia. (369)University of Opole, Opole, Poland. (370)Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. (371)Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda. (372)University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. (373)Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India. (374)Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India. (375)Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity, Athens, Greece. (376)National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. (377)Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal. (378)Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. (379)Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States. (380)Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, United States. (381)National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India. (382)University of Münster, Münster, Germany. (383)Israel Center for Disease Control, Ramat Gan, Israel. (384)Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. (385)Amsterdam UMC Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (386)South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. (387)Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (388)Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany. (389)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (390)University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. (391)Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran. (392)Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. (393)Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. (394)VASCage, Innsbruck, Austria. (395)Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. (396)Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (397)National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea. (398)Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. (399)University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark. (400)Statistics Austria, Vienna, Austria. (401)B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. (402)University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. (403)Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Oulu, Finland. (404)Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia. (405)Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan. (406)Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary. (407)Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Port Louis, Mauritius. (408)University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. (409)North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. (410)University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. (411)Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro. (412)Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, India. (413)Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. (414)All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. (415)African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya. (416)Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (417)Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco. (418)Ministry of Health, Algiers, Algeria. (419)Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. (420)Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden. (421)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (422)University of Public Health, Yangon, Myanmar. (423)International Food Policy Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal. (424)National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. (425)Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. (426)Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. (427)Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. (428)University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon. (429)University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. (430)National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. (431)West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States. (432)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. (433)National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. (434)University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. (435)Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. (436)Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. (437)Sports Medical Center of Minho, Braga, Portugal. (438)Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru. (439)Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain. (440)Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. (441)Norrbotten County Council, Luleå, Sweden. (442)Ilembula Lutheran Hospital, Ilembula, United Republic of Tanzania. (443)Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil. (444)University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. (445)Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal. (446)Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council, Padua, Italy. (447)Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. (448)Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece. (449)Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. (450)SB RAS Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. (451)University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. (452)University of Padua, Padua, Italy. (453)Hellenic Mediterranean University, Siteia, Greece. (454)Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom. (455)Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus. (456)Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. (457)Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (458)CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain. (459)Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain. (460)Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland. (461)Emory University, Atlanta, United States. (462)Hungarian Society of Sports Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. (463)Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. (464)Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Brazil. (465)Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India. (466)UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. (467)ICMR - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bengaluru, India. (468)Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. (469)Brown University, Providence, United States. (470)London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. (471)University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. (472)Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (473)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France. (474)Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. (475)Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. (476)Women's Social and Health Studies Foundation, Trivandrum, India. (477)Democritus University, Alexandroupolis, Greece. (478)Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania. (479)Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy. (480)Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. (481)Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. (482)University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. (483)Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France. (484)Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. (485)University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. (486)University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa. (487)University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba. (488)CIBEROBN, Zaragoza, Spain. (489)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. (490)La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. (491)International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland. (492)Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama. (493)World Health Organization Country Office, Lilongwe, Malawi. (494)Department of Public Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. (495)University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. (496)Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Dushanbe, Tajikistan. (497)University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. (498)Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia. (499)Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (500)Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Islamic Republic of Iran. (501)Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. (502)Department of Statistics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (503)Kobe University, Kobe, Japan. (504)Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India. (505)UNICEF, Yaoundé, Cameroon. (506)University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. (507)Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. (508)National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (509)University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. (510)Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (511)LifeDoc Health, Memphis, United States. (512)Heartfile, Islamabad, Pakistan. (513)Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Amman, Jordan. (514)University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. (515)State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova. (516)Tachikawa General Hospital, Nagaoka, Japan. (517)Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea. (518)Japan Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. (519)Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. (520)Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. (521)Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. (522)University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal. (523)University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico. (524)Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Glostrup, Denmark. (525)MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, United Kingdom. (526)Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. (527)UniSanté, Lausanne, Switzerland. (528)Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy. (529)University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States. (530)Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. (531)IRCCS Ente Ospedaliero Specializzato in Gastroenterologia S. de Bellis, Bari, Italy. (532)Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. (533)Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea. (534)University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania. (535)Jivandeep Hospital, Anand, India. (536)South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa. (537)National Dental Care Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. (538)Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain. (539)University Hospital of Varese, Varese, Italy. (540)Vietnam National Heart Institute, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (541)Clínica de Medicina Avanzada Dr. Abel González, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. (542)Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany. (543)University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. (544)Cardiovascular Prevention Centre Udine, Udine, Italy. (545)Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy. (546)Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands. (547)Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. (548)Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran. (549)Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Riga, Latvia. (550)Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. (551)Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam. (552)Pure Earth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (553)Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (554)University of Turku, Turku, Finland. (555)Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Girona, Spain. (556)Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. (557)University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (558)Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece. (559)University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. (560)University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines. (561)Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. (562)Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. (563)Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. (564)CS S. Agustín Ibsalut, Palma, Spain. (565)Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (566)National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal. (567)Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil. (568)Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. (569)Canarian Health Service, Tenerife, Spain. (570)Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. (571)Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Reggio Calabria, Italy. (572)University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. (573)Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji. (574)Spanish Nutrition Foundation, Madrid, Spain. (575)Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden. (576)Institute of Food Sciences of the National Research Council, Avellino, Italy. (577)Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India. (578)Kindergarten of Avlonari, Evia, Greece. (579)National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru. (580)Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia. (581)Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain. (582)Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain. (583)Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal. (584)South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Lappeenranta, Finland. (585)McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. (586)National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. (587)University of São Paulo Clinics Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. (588)Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (589)Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. (590)Academic Medical Center of University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (591)The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia. (592)Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway, Trondheim, Norway. (593)Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria. (594)University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. (595)Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. (596)National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia. (597)Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. (598)Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (599)Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. (600)Public Health Promotion and Development Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal. (601)St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. (602)Nes Municipality, Aarnes, Norway. (603)Health Polytechnic Jakarta II Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia. (604)Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. (605)University of Bari, Bari, Italy. (606)Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah, Benin. (607)University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. (608)Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. (609)Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia. (610)Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia. (611)University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. (612)Lamprecht und Stamm Sozialforschung und Beratung AG, Zurich, Switzerland. (613)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nancy, France. (614)Bonn University, Bonn, Germany. (615)Sotiria Hospital, Sotiria, Greece. (616)National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland. (617)Kalina Malina Kindergarten, Pazardjik, Bulgaria. (618)The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. (619)Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan. (620)National Statistical Office, Praia, Cabo Verde. (621)Deakin University, Sydney, Australia. (622)Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. (623)University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom. (624)Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan. (625)UNICEF, Niamey, Niger. (626)Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India. (627)Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (628)Health Service of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. (629)Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears, Menorca, Spain. (630)University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. (631)Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. (632)Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, India. (633)Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa. (634)Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (635)Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand. (636)Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela. (637)Meharry Medical College, Nashville, United States. (638)Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. (639)University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Tampere, Finland. (640)Sabiha Gokcen Ilkokulu, Ankara, Turkey. (641)Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal. (642)Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, United States. (643)Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain. (644)National Research Council, Pisa, Italy. (645)University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain. (646)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (647)Sunflower Nursery School, Craiova, Romania. (648)North Karelia Center for Public Health, Joensuu, Finland. (649)University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. (650)Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. (651)Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland. (652)Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (653)Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China. (654)Shanghai Educational Development Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China. (655)Ministry of Health, Auckland, New Zealand. (656)Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. (657)St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom. (658)Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. (659)Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China. (660)Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (661)Shanghai Educational Development Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China. (662)University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. (663)Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. (664)International Medical University, Shah Alam, Malaysia. (665)Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece. (666)Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (667)Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Srinagar, India. (668)Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. (669)Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China. (670)Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. (671)West Kazakhstan Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan. (672)Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. (673)Przedszkole No. 81, Warsaw, Poland. (674)University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.