OBJECTIVE: This research sought to explore health care providers' (HCPs) experiences of delivering the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Commission (EC) approved peanut oral immunotherapy (peanut OIT; Palforzia). Semi-structured qualitative interviews with HCPs who had initiated treatment with ≥ 3 patients in the first nine months following FDA approval sought to identify challenges faced and successful implementation strategies. RESULTS: Eight allergists and three nurse practitioners from eight sites based in the United States participated. The HCPs included in this research were motivated to implement this novel treatment, however, entered the process with some reservations. HCPs described how successful implementation of peanut OIT requires them to be thoughtful about their clinic's abilities to integrate complex, time-consuming treatments into their daily practice. Prior experience of OIT was deemed beneficial, but not essential for implementation and learning from others' experience was suggested as a way of helping new prescribers overcome perceived and actual implementation challenges. Delivering licensed peanut OIT during the COVID-19 pandemic posed both challenges and unexpected opportunities for implementation. The experiences described have the potential to benefit the wider allergy community by providing practical solutions, successful implementation strategies and opportunities to enhance training and resources.

OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder attributed to age and is defined as a systematic degradation of bone mass and the microarchitecture leading to bone fractures. Exosomes have been reported in almost all biological fluids and during the failure of bone remodeling. 20 ml of blood samples were obtained from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women. After the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T cells were separated via the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique. Exosomes were driven from T cells of non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic volunteers. Subsequently, normal osteoblasts were treated with obtained T cell exosomes to assess osteoblastic function and gene expression. RESULTS: Runx2, type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin expression decreased in osteoblasts treated by osteoporotic T cell exosomes. In contrast, an increased expression of the mentioned genes was observed following non-osteoporotic T cell exosome treatment. Additionally, osteoblast alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity treated with non-osteoporotic T cell exosomes increased. However, this activity decreased in another group. Our data demonstrated that T cell exosomes obtained from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic individuals could alter the osteoblastic function and gene expression by affecting the genes essential for bone remodeling.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a molecular screening to detect infections by the mayaro virus and possible coinfections with Chikungunya during an outbreak in the state of Tocantins/Brazil in 2017. RESULTS: Of a total 102 samples analyzed in this study, 6 cases were identified with simultaneous infection between mayaro and chikungunya viruses (5.88%). In these 6 samples, the mean Cycle threshold (Ct) for CHIKV was 26.87 (SD ± 10.54) and for MAYV was 29.58 (SD ± 6.34). The mayaro sequences generated showed 95-100% identity to other Brazilian sequences of this virus and with other MAYV isolates obtained from human and arthropods in different regions of the world. The remaining samples were detected with CHIKV monoinfection (41 cases), DENV monoinfection (50 cases) and coinfection between CHIKV/DENV (5 cases). We did not detect MAYV monoinfections.

Increasing the reproducibility and trustworthiness of biomedical research requires engaging stakeholders from all levels in an institutional setting. The QUEST Center for Responsible Research aims to develop and implement new approaches to improve the culture and practice of research, tailored to the needs of these stakeholders. Members of the QUEST Center organised a brainstorm to reflect on the challenges and new opportunities encountered in implementing different projects through QUEST and share the lessons that working groups have learned over the first five years. The authors informally surveyed and interviewed working groups where relevant and highlight common themes that have influenced the success of many projects, including top-down and bottom-up engagement, managing expectations, the availability of expertise, ensuring sustainability, and considering incentives. The commentary authors conclude by encouraging the research community to view initiatives that promote reproducibility not as a one-size-fits-all undertaking, but rather as an opportunity to unite stakeholders and customise drivers of cultural change.

Crayfish plague disease, caused by the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces astaci represents one of the greatest risks for the biodiversity of the freshwater crayfish. This data article covers the de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation data of the noble crayfish and the marbled crayfish challenged with Ap. astaci. Following the controlled infection experiment (Francesconi et al. in Front Ecol Evol, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.647037 ), we conducted a differential gene expression analysis described in (Boštjančić et al. in BMC Genom, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08571-z ) DATA DESCRIPTION: In total, 25 noble crayfish and 30 marbled crayfish were selected. Hepatopancreas tissue was isolated, followed by RNA sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Raw data was checked for quality with FastQC, adapter and quality trimming were conducted using Trimmomatic followed by de novo assembly with Trinity. Assembly quality was assessed with BUSCO, at 93.30% and 93.98% completeness for the noble crayfish and the marbled crayfish, respectively. Transcripts were annotated using the Dammit! pipeline and assigned to KEGG pathways. Respective transcriptome and raw datasets may be reused as the reference transcriptome assemblies for future expression studies.

Causal mutations for major genes that underlie a broad range of morphological traits are often located within exons of genes that then affect protein functions. Non-model organism genetic studies are not easy to perform due to the lack of genome-wide molecular tools such as SNP genotyping array. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) methods offer an alternative. Consequently, we used this approach that is focused on the exome to target and identify major genes in rabbit populations. Data description We used a heterologous enrichment method before sequencing, allowing us to capture the rabbit exome using the marketed human panel since mammal protein coding genes are well conserved across the phylogenic tree of species. This targeted strategy was performed on 52 French rabbits from 5 different French strains (Californian, New-Zealand, Castor, Chinchilla and Laghmere). We generated 3.4 billion sequencing reads and approximately 29-140 million of reads per DNA sample. The expected exome coverage per sample ranged between 118 and 566X. The present dataset could be useful for the scientific community working on rabbit species in order to (i) improve the annotation of the rabbit reference genome Oryctolagus cuniculus (OryCun2.0), (ii) enrich the characterization of polymorphisms segregating in rabbits and (iii) evaluate the genetic biodiversity in different rabbit strains. Raw sequences were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) data portal under bioproject accession number PRJEB37917.

OBJECTIVE: Due to gaps in the literature, we developed a systematic method to assess multimorbidity using national surveys. The objectives of this study were thus to identify methods used to define and measure multimorbidity, to create a pre-defined list of disease conditions, to identify potential national surveys to include, to select disease conditions for each survey, and to analyse and compare the survey findings. RESULTS: We used the count method to define multimorbidity. We created a pre-defined list of disease conditions by examining international literature and using local data on the burden of disease. We assessed national surveys, reporting on more than one disease condition in people 15 years and older, for inclusion. For each survey, the prevalence of multimorbidity was calculated, the disease patterns among the multimorbid population were assessed using a latent class analysis and logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity varied for each survey from 2.7 to 20.7%. We used a systematic and transparent method to interrogate multimorbidity in national surveys. While the prevalence in each survey differs, they collectively indicate that multimorbidity increases in older age groups and tends to be higher among women.

OBJECTIVE: Microbial infections and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, with 627 k deaths in 2020, are still major public health challenges. RESULTS: This study prepared nanoemulsion and nanogel containing Artemisia dracunculus essential oil. ATR-FTIR analysis (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform InfraRed) confirmed the successful loading of the essential oil in nanoemulsion and nanogel. LC50 values (Lethal Concentration 50%) of nanogel and nanoemulsion against Anopheles stephensi larvae were obtained as 6.68 (2-19 µg/mL) and 13.53 (7-25 µg/mL). Besides, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with 5000 μg/mL nanogel and nanoemulsion was reduced by ~ 70%. However, about 20% growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reduced at this dose. Considering the proper efficacy of the nanogel as a larvicide and proper antibacterial effect against S. aureus, it could be considered for further investigations against other mosquitoes' larvae and gram-positive bacteria.

OBJECTIVE: As a progressive chronic condition, osteoarthritis (OA) causes substantial pain and impairment. Secrete proinflammatory cytokines are essential mediators involved in the pathophysiology of OA. In this regard, the clinical effectiveness of autologous conditioned serum (ASC) has been shown through its injection into OA tissues. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and concentration level of ACS components produced by Nano-carbon glass beads. Intravenous whole blood was obtained from each New Zealand male rabbit by 10-ml syringes, comprising 33 medical-grade Nano carbon-coated glass beads. Serum retrieving was performed after 6-8 h incubation (37 C, 5% Co2), and then centrifuged. The ACS was then injected into OA rabbits to assess its function. RESULTS: Glass beads-prepared ACS coated with Nano-carbon, induced a huge amount of cytokines and growth factors production. The concentration level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines was improved throughout Nano-carbon coated glass beads stimulation. ACS also shortened the recovery time and improved the function and mobility of OA rabbits. We showed that ACS improved the function and mobility of OA rabbits, as well as shortened the recovery time. It is suggested that further studies evaluate this effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE: While essential oils have many applications in medicine, not many studies have been done in the past to address issues of active targeting, enhancing bioavailability and reducing toxicity at higher concentrations. Herein, we used Fmoc-3F-Phe amino acid hydrogels to address such issues by encapsulating essential oils, Zanthoxylum armatum and Cinnamomum camphora, in its system and allowing sustained-release of these oils onto bacterial assays of E. coli ATCC 25922, P. hauseri NBRC 3851, M. luteus KACC 13377, and B. subtilis ATCC 66333 for probing enhanced antibacterial properties of the oils by prolonging its efficacy through controlled-release mechanism. RESULTS: We found that while Zanthoxylum oil showed no particular difference in enhancing the antibacterial property against the three fast growing bacteria, however profound variation was observed against slow growing bacteria B. subtilis. The hydrogel encapsulated oil was able to retain its antibacterial property for a longer time while directly applied oil could not for this bacteria. Even for highly volatile camphor oil, the oil itself failed to show any antibacterial property with direct use, however the hydrogel encapsulated oil was able to show excellent antibacterial property for B. subtilis and M. luteus through prohibition of sublimation via encapsulation.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) is an idiopathic disease affecting thousands of U.S. Veterans exposed to open-air burn pits emitting aerosolized particulate matter (PM) while serving in Central and Southwest Asia and Africa. Exposure to burn pit PM can result in profound biologic consequences including chronic fatigue, impaired cognition, and respiratory diseases. Dysregulated or unresolved inflammation is a possible underlying mechanism for CMI onset. We describe a rat model of whole-body inhalation exposure using carbon black nanoparticles (CB) as a surrogate for military burn pit-related exposure. Using this model, we measured biomarkers of inflammation in multiple tissues. RESULTS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CB aerosols by whole body inhalation (6 ± 0.83 mg/m3). Proinflammatory biomarkers were measured in multiple tissues including arteries, brain, lung, and plasma. Biomarkers of cardiovascular injury were also assayed in plasma. CB inhalation exposure increased CMI-related proinflammatory biomarkers such as IFN-γ and TNFα in multiple tissue samples. CB exposure also induced cardiovascular injury markers (adiponectin, MCP1, sE-Selectin, sICam-1 and TIMP1) in plasma. These findings support the validity of our animal exposure model for studies of burn pit-induced CMI. Future studies will model more complex toxicant mixtures as documented at multiple burn pit sites.

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia disrupted usual clinical training placements for naturopathic students. An innovative, remote Telehealth clinic was developed and implemented. This pilot study evaluates student and educator learning and teaching experiences in Telehealth. A survey assessed Likert and qualitative written responses to student and staff interaction with the Telehealth clinic. RESULTS: Nine student and 12 educator responses were included in the analysis. All students positively rated Telehealth training resources and the educator support provided. Students rated the Telehealth learning experience as 'very good' (78%) or 'good' (22%) with educator ratings of 'very good' (67%) or 'good' (33%). Thematic analysis of student written responses showed increased client diversity, collaboration, peer learning, increased feedback, and improved digital and technology skills. Virtual physical examination and infrastructure limitations were reported as Telehealth clinical practicum challenges. Naturopathic Telehealth clinic practicum is a valuable alternative to in-person clinical practicums for Australian students. It enhances student collaboration and peer learning. Challenges of technology, infrastructure and incorporating Telehealth in curriculum may be barriers to implementation of Telehealth. However, Telehealth is an important clinical training option to prepare student practitioners for contemporary professional practice if in-person consultation is prohibitive, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.