The aim of the present study was to examine whether combining strength and endurance training would promote better improvements in neuromuscular characteristics and functional abilities than endurance training alone in obese adolescent girls enrolled in a weight-reduction program. Twenty-four obese adolescent girls (12-15聽years) volunteered to participate in a 9-month training program. Participants were allocated into two groups following either (i) combined training (endurance聽+聽strength; E+ST) or (ii) endurance training (ET) program. Absolute and specific maximal torque, muscle size, and maximal voluntary activation level (VA) of the knee extensor (KE) and plantar flexor (PF) muscles were assessed. Moreover, functional abilities such as balance and fatigability during a maximal isometric intermittent contraction test of the KE muscles were measured before and after the intervention. The force of the adductor pollicis (AP) muscles was used as a control to account for any effect of growth or mechanical unloading on neuromuscular properties and muscle size. While absolute and specific torque of the KE (+14.7聽卤聽12.1% and +14.4聽卤聽15.5%; p聽<聽0.05) and PF (+19.2聽卤聽16.7% and +18.3聽卤聽17.5%; p聽<聽0.001) muscles increased in the E+ST group, PF torque decreased, and KE torque did not change in the ET group (-22.6聽卤聽10.5% and -15.0聽卤聽17.2%; p聽<聽0.001). Moreover, the VA of the KE muscles increased for the E+ST (+6.1聽卤聽5.6%; p聽<聽0.01) group and decreased for the ET group (-5.4聽卤聽5.4%; p聽<聽0.05). In contrast, VA remained similar in the PF muscles for both groups. The number of repetitions during the fatigability test increased in the ET group (38.4聽卤聽22.3 vs. 84.1聽卤聽33.3; p聽=聽0.032) and was unchanged in the E+ST group (50.8聽卤聽14.1 vs. 54.2聽卤聽37.8), but it was associated with a higher force level. Moreover, balance improved in the E+ST group, but not in the ET group. To conclude, physical training combining strength and endurance training promoted larger improvement in neuromuscular characteristics and functional abilities than endurance training alone in obese adolescent girls. Greater neuromuscular adaptations resulting from the E+ST training may be beneficial for preserving or even increasing functional abilities and possibly induce greater engagement in the active lifestyle of obese adolescents. However, the endurance component seems necessary in training programs to reduce fatigability during daily living activities.